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Questions for the State exam in Pharmaceutical Technology

  1. Principles of dosage form – types and definitions. The main types of excipients used in dosage forms. Quality control.
  2. Rheology and the flow of liquids and semisolids. Gels.
  3. Solutions - properties, solubility and dissolution rate, Solutions as dosage forms, vehicles, excipients used by preparation of solutions. Solubilization.
  4. Theory of extraction, methods and galenical preparations.
  5. Parenterals - route of administration, types of parenteralls, bio¬logical availability, manufacture of parenterals, Sterility testing.
  6. Parenterals - preformulation and formulation, pH, osmolality, osmolarity, auxiliary materials, containers and closures. Principles of sterilization-methods.
  7. Ophtalmic dosage forms – liquid, semisolid, solid.
  8. Pulmonary drug delivery. Therapeutic aerosols - aerosol systems and formulation, containers, manufacture and packaging, evaluation and quality control.
  9. Suspensions - theory, flocculation, deflocculation, wetting, evaluation of suspension stability, suspending and viscosity-increasing agents, small -scale preparations of sus¬pensions.
  10. Emulsifying agents - their function in emulsions, HLB system.
  11. Emulsion theory, the stability of emulsions, preparation of emulsions, and identifica¬tion of emulsion type and emulsifying agents.
  12. Microemulsion, surface and interfacial phenomena. Comparison with emulsions. The advantages and disadvantages of microemulsion use - examples.
  13. Topical semisolids - classification, percutaneous absorption, constituents, and methods of preparation: ointments, creams, pastes.
  14. Transdermal delivery systems - enhancers of penetration.
  15. Rectal and vaginal products - biological availability, excipients, methods of preparation, quality control.
  16. Granulation of powdered materials. Reasons, methods, mechanisms, excipients, equipment. Use of granules in pharmaceutical technology.
  17. Tablets – types, excipients, methods of manufacture. The principle tablet presses. Quality control of tablets.
  18. Coated tablets. Tablet coating, theory and main reasons, types of coating process, and quality control.
  19. Hard and soft gelatin capsules.
  20. Powders and granules as dosage forms
  21. Dosage microforms - pellets, microcapsules, microdragees. Auxiliary materials, methods of preparation.
  22. Modified-release peroral dosage forms - prolonged, sustained release and controlled release of drugs from peroral dosage forms.
  23. Controlled drug delivery systems-peroral, transdermal, ocular.
  24. Targeting of drugs to their site of ac¬tion.  Liposomes and nanoparticles as colloidal drug delivery systems.
  25. Biopharmaceutic and pharmacokinetic principles dosage forms – main pharmacokinetics parameters and their consequences on the developing of dosage forms.
  26. Stability of pharmaceutical products - chemical stability, physical stability, stability testing
  27. Pharmaceutical packs and packaging – functions, type of packs, primary and secondary packs, packa¬ging materials.
  28. Storage of pharmaceutical products and quality control of dosage forms.